“Daydream, imagine, and reflect. It’s the source of infinite creativity.” Deepak Chopra
A break from your phone, computer, all electronics.
Don’t take your phone to a place you usually take it. (the bathroom, a walk, while eating).
Allow yourself to get bored for a little. Create space for nothingness.
Instead observe your surrounding. Do nothing.
Extra: Send me a quick not how it made you feel.
This exercise uses: Emergent Thinking
Emergent thinking is a natural process that comes as a result of rumination. It is the most common form of creativity you may be familiar with because it happens when you daydream. “AHA!” moments typically come from here.
Comments
AG: Today I did not take my phone or any reading material when I went to the bathroom. I wouldn’t say it was hard, but it was different. I decided to stay there as long as I stay when I do have my phone and it felt long.
Rosario:
I usually do today’s challenge regularly. I like to stay without communication at home, for example, because I move forward with everything I have to do, without distraction.
When I go to Madrid by train I also try to put my mobile aside so that I can enjoy the landscape, nature, which I love and gives me peace.
When I’m with people around eating or drinking something, I also leave it. Sometimes it is difficult but the important thing is to achieve it and really enjoy the moment.
When I forget it at home I never go back to look for it. In the end I feel that I am calmer without him.
Mon:
I’d been making time for about 20 mins of doing nothing until summertime rolled around. With the kids home I feel more pressure to be doing something all the time, I feel it’s harder to stop, I feel like I won’t get everything done (even though there’s actually not that much to do!!)
Every day this summer I’ve been waking up early to meditate, study for an exam I have to take, and write. Today I decided to change things up and spend the first hour of my day being really mindful. So I kept the meditation but refrained from multi tasking and paid attention while drinking coffee, eating breakfast, etc. What I found is that pockets of time opened up later in the day and that my study time was much more successful. I was also more open to spontaneity and let the day lead me, instead of me forcing everything to happen and then just feeling drained. I will attempt to take this attitude with me throughout the rest of the summer! So, a couple more things clicked: 1- only by making space for nothing can I really follow my intuition, the little voice I hear but don’t always listen to because I’m too busy following self-imposed routines that lead me nowhere except to exhaustion 2- had an aha! moment about how to structure and move forward with my book, thanks to this attitude of nothingness I welcomed today 🙂
I will record feedback here of things that were written or talked with from participants throughout the challenge. I will also record my own thoughts of me doing the challenge.
Participant A: Left challenge on day 5. She is a very creative person, she is a graphic designer and an illustrator, she has published a children’s book and posts creative DIY projects on IG. She felt that the challenge was not for her, she felt uncreative. She asked maybe I am not creative. She felt instructions were too hard or too long for her. My thoughts- these games make you work on other aspects of creativity that is not art, like word associations, problem solving, allowing day dreaming to occur and reflection. It also requires vulnerability.
Participant B: She wanted there to be a way where she could see all her responses together, like a diary. So she can see her own personal journey, and asked it she could see other peoples, she missed sharing experiences with other people.
Both comments made me think if I should do a survey to ask for feedback or keep going. I did not want to overwhelm people with messages, for now I offered my IG account so they can post in the comments of every post. Every post gets sent through whattsapp and posted to IG account created for Challenge. 133 participants but in IG account only 41 followers so far.
Today is Day 9 of the challenge.
Suggestions form participants:
Some people wanted to see what other people had done, so they could feel part of a group project. Others said they prefer to do it but privately. It makes them feel vulnerable.
They would like to know what part of the brain they are working. What is the exercise for. Today June 26 I added to the prompt the type of thinking being used for this particular exercise.
A participant commented she did not respond more because it took an extra step- if it was directly on the chat she would have. I decided to send the IG account, offer DM message and email to see if that improved feedback. Don’t feel comfortable opening the group to comments since I think I would loose the main message.
Another participant said she would love to see all her prompts in one place, so she could ser her journey from beginning to end. I told her several people are sending me notes from their notebooks, I suggested to get a diary.
Some people have apologised to me for not doing every day or no day, I have tried to be empathetic and say it is hard for me too, comparing the activity with going to the gym but for creativity.
I decided to do a poll to see how many people where doing it (on day 8), which ones they had done, sent it last night, so far 33 people of the 133 have responded. I am happy about that. Also every day I receive around 4-5 emails, some days more some days less. Sometimes the same people, sometimes different ones that send me 3-4 days at at time and sometimes a one off.
Today is Day 12 of the Challenge. July 1rst. I thought I had lost people, since less people responded some days, but the window activity got around 6-7 responses. I am beginning to realice that this touches on vulnerability with people. When people share they are sharing a private moment, a poem, a small moment, a vulnerability.
Results from Poll sent on June 26
I conducted a WAPP poll in the group saying the following:
We are at the end of week one! Please select all the challenges you completed. Don’t feel bad if you only did one or none! This is like going to the gym- but for your creativity! It requires effort! It’s hard sometimes. Hard for me too! Thank you!
Following was a list of the first 8 challenges.
Although 133 people have signed up not everyone has answered the poll, or participated. I started with 138 participants and 5 have left the group. Today in Day 12. Two new people joined today.
July 4th – We are on day 16. People seem to continue to be engaged. Poll from WAPP group continues to receive answers. So far, 42 people have answered. I did a new survey in Survey Monkey and sent it to the chat, it has been 24 hours and only 3 people have responded. I wonder if it is because they have to click on it instead of responding directly on the chat. I did it in survey monkey because a participant said she would not answer it since it was not private. I am thinking it was only her that wanted privacy since 40 people responded to the other one. I will wait another 24 hours and if not repeat the poll in the chat.
July 10th. The challenge ends today. – 40 people of 140 have answered the first poll. – Choose your color seems to be the most popular activity from week 1 – Laugh Out Loud was the favorite overall and favorite from week 2. People sent videos, comments, said they would do it every day, did it in groups, loved it. – People were vulnerable, share beautiful poems that were very personal. – I think the challenge was too long. I also did it and missed some days, fount it hard to do daily unless I did it with another person. – Between 3-10 people sent me emails every day with their activities. – Second poll I tried survey monkey and only received 12 responses, general comment was it was a link, too much work, people prefer it in the chat even though it is not private. – Last poll I launched today on the 21st day, I am doing a hybrid. Chose 4-5 questions that did in the chat and in seconds people were responding. Also added a longer survey in google forms and offered both. – I think future challenges should be shorter, not sure what the right number of days. Thinking of trying 5-7 days
Since first poll resulted in better response than second survey in Survey Monkey, 40 people vs 12. I decided to try both in the last survey. So did some important questions directly in chat with these results so far. And one in google forms, So far 30 people have responded the chat poll vs 10 the google form, but responses are still coming in today- poll was sent three days ago.
SO far these are the results from the chat poll:
Will keep adding learnings to this page!
NEXT STEPS
Analyse results of all surveys.
Would love to do two more challenges before September 1. For Creatives- limited to a group of 10 people, open chat, everyone shares their daily activity with group and we answer questions like: I see….I think….I wonder… 2. For Non -Creatives – also limited to 10 people, open chat, different exercises, everyone shares and maybe some exercises are in teams. 3. Challenge for Employees – teachers and staff of University of Hesperides. Online university would offer their staff to join the challenge and activities from 21 day would be sent daily, people would be able to comment and share if they wanted. This challenge would be aimed at reflecting on how exercises can be used in the classroom, how they can build community and teamwork within the group and the classroom. (if successfull). In conversations with head of Teacher training to launch end of July.
Have done games in small groups informally to see how it makes people feel and connect. Will continue to do so over the summer.
Are trying to approach Brixton Library to do a monthly workshop at the library that involves Creativity and Civics.
Interview Eva Katherina Herber. (not yet confirmed) Am analysing her book Activate your Strengths to investigate her methodology. Would like to have exercises where participants discover their strengths and have to use them in creative activities.
Day 3 “We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.” Albert Einstein
Create a recipe OF yourself.
If you were a dish and had to break YOU up into ingredients, what would those ingredients be?
How would you prepare yourself?
Get as descriptive as possible and write down the ingredients and recipe, step by step, as if it were in a cookbook. Put timer for 5 min and write it all down. Or take photos, or draw it. However you want to express it.
You can also choose another person to do this with. (your spouse, kids, friend, coworker)
Extra Points: Share your recipe with me. Send it to: unpackyourcreativity@gmail.com
Comments
I: Prepare for 2 days of incredible cooking: the HALLACA! Ingredients: The dough: Corn flour Harina Pan: one of the most magic ingredients, it is a thin sandy dry flour that only with water and salt, turns into a smooth dough versatile qnd ready for so many possible uses. Hear it will be for the hallaca. Lard: animal fat is super important. A source of energy for us and the “glue”to all ingredients. Color: the yellow/orange color that makes it beautiful to see (imagine a white pale hallaca…? Pretty sad…) The filling: Diversity in meats: chicken or hen, pork and beef. Each one in a proportion that’s just right. Capers: love them! The acidness in life. Olives: nice to find. Almonds give the balance: they are the Ohmmmm element. A bit of onions very thinly chopped. A broth: without this as a base, they are disconnected. Brown sugar: subtle but present sweetness Hot ají : spicy with flavor, can’t live without it. A lot of string and scissors. The platano leaves, impossible without the most beautiful element: the shield, the skin, the cover that protects the hallaca. It comes direct from nature, which I love. I I dind need to learn to develop a certain “shield” in my life, to protect myself the outer world, and not be so transparent. It is my missing ingredient! I am de allá y de acá: I am the 4th generation from Spain -Venezuela- Spain. The Hallaca is made up of ingredients from allá and acá… and I couldn’t conceive life without both countries, both cultures, both ways of being and seeing life. Preparation: The first day we spend it slow cooking the broth with the meats, and chopping everything very small.
We also prepare the dough. We wash the leaves, very important! The second day we assemble it, and we tie it up in a beautiful gift package!! This is ME!
MONICA:
Ingredients 1 cup experience 1 cup heart 1 cup honey ½ cup empathy ½ cup boundaries ¼ tsp lemon zest ¼ tsp cayenne pepper Directions Grease a pan with butter and sprinkle some flour too, so the cake does not stick. Pre-heat oven to 350 degrees Celsius. Start with the experience, which includes a whole bunch of unrefined traumas such as having a mother who recently birthed a stillborn, having to become parent to one of your parents at age 11, being subject to violence from the other parent, and not being allowed to explore your sexuality or pursue creative passions for danger that you might become too powerful. Next, add the heart, which is the easiest and most effective way to soften these hardships. Make sure you sift the experiences and heart together slowly, allowing the contents to settle. Only when you’re ready, mix in some premium unprocessed honey, a sweet reminder that life is short and the only thing that really exists is the present moment. Add in empathy towards yourself and others, and then shortly thereafter, add the boundaries. Make sure you don’t skip this step; these are necessary for the cake to remain whole as it rises. Put the mixture in the oven for 25 to 30 minutes. Once baked, remove and sprinkle ½ teaspoon of lemon zest and another ½ teaspoon of cayenne pepper on top. A measured quantity of each should pack a punch, but feel free to add more depending on your preferences.
GIS:
JUL: Definitely fusión! Portuguese bacalao because I love the sea, I’m sometimes salty but tender love and care I can become sweeter;) mango topping with tomate de árbol bring just the sason and Latin touch from Colombia with a side of sweet potato fries new york style. It’s kind of the dish you read off a menu and you thing, um, interesting yet doubting yourself but when you take the first bite you realize and say to yourself one more time, don’t judge a book by its cover. Loved the challenge!
LAU: Las delicias de Laura Ingredientes Líquidos -Bondad (nunca hay suficiente) -Tranquilidad (al gusto y según circunstancias) -Vive y deja vivir (incluir en todas las recetas). -Empatia (la tienes en casa o no pero debería incluirse siempre) -Lectura (al menos un libro por receta) -Amigos (de los que ya tienes y abierta a añadir más) -Familia (imprescindible y la mejor materia prima) -Risas (con atracón, aunque duela la tripa) -Experiencias Sólidos Chocolate (negro o con leche pero que no falte) Un café con leche bien acompañada ( sustituir por descafeinado a partir de las 6 de la tarde).
Preparación Tratar con mimo los ingredientes líquidos, que son los más delicados. Tamizar a algunos miembros de la familia o maridos, mujeres de amigos que son más densos para darles aire. En un bowl mezclar el café con el chocolate y reservar para cuando se necesite. Añadir un viaje o una cena con amigos. Cocinar a fuego lento y servir en tu mejor vajilla. Disfrutarlo a tope! Congelar una parte para ir sacado cuando estés baja de moral.
CARO (me): My recipe would be a full meal, because I taste different every time, sometimes it has sesame oil, other times a bit of spices from my dad’s dinner table, Aji picante for sure, some Some dark Chocolate (Venezuelan of course), some Almond Butter- very smoooooth., Some suspiros hand beaten from my abuela Rodriguez, and the curry rice salad from my granma’s house made by Elsa, definitely a bit of centollo from La Castanal, and a gamba a la plancha from Menorca and some chopitos, tequenos and one Hallaca but only the one that Carmen makes. Eggs Benedict from brunch in NY with friends, Smoked Salmon from my first night living alone in NYC. ohhhh and the spicy crispy chicken from Bulgogi in London and my friend Maria’s aguacates from some local farmer, my delicious carrot cake that my mom loves and my friend Mercedes makes for me that makes me feel loved and a chanchito from Maria Elba. I would mix it all up and invite all my wonderful friends from all spaces of life.
ARI:
ERIN:
Isa Recipe 500 gr Alberto 500g Illeana 1 measure of independence 3 servings of spirituality a bit of rebellion
Combine the first two ingredients in a large trusty container and with the curiosity palette. I added little by little the independence, making sure it blends very well. Let rest in an atmosphere of love and freedom for as long as necessary.
Knead the mixture with the spirituality portions – securing one at a time and through the 3P (passion, patience and purpose) strainer. I sprinkled the rebellion and allow the surface to soak well and then carry all the content inside. When you have a bright color, cut into 3 portions and start to shape. Let it grow in controlled exploration environments. You don’t have to worry about whether the shapes look alike or not, remember that eventually the mixture comes back together and is allowed a mash in an open container to any other ingredients you want to add according to taste. This recipe is ideal as a companion to strong and sweet dishes. Enjoy!
Ubarikiwe!
M: This is my recipe. My husband says that I’m going to increase the amount of control and impatience. And the truth is that he is right. But I like the way I wrote it: two cups of enthusiasm a cup of tenacity a jet of joy a spoonful of foolishness a spoonful of impatience a pinch of humor 100 gms of curiosity chips A bunch of intensity A bunch of control Procedure: Mix enthusiasm with tenacity, add a little bit of joy and when the mix is homogeneous, add foolishness, impatience, a pinch of humor and chips of curiosity. Knead gently, stretch gently and once extended let fall as a rain drop the intensity and control. Bake in a moderate oven for 40 minutes. Serve warm with whipped cream
This is a group challenge. People were invited through whattsapp to participate in a 5 minute a day Creativity Challenge. Everyone is sent one activity to do every day for 21 days. Targeted at “non-artists” or people that consider themselves “non-creatives”. 133 participants joined the challenge with area codes from: Spain, Venezuela, Colombia, Argentina, UK, USA, Vietnam, Puerto Rico, Belarus, Thailand. It started on June 20th 2023. I sent two prompts two days before.
Invitation to Join:
You’re invited to join a Creativity Challenge, 5 minutes a day for 21 days. For Non-artists.
Hi I am Carolina, an MA Researcher in Applied Imagination. I am working on a research project about the decline in Creativity from childhood to adulthood.
Creativity:
Has been proven to make you happier.
Is the No1 skill required in current workplace (World Economic Forum )
Studies show that our creativity is in decline.
2 Days before Start
[0:54 am, 18/06/2023] Carolina: Welcome to the 21 day Creativity Challenge. Thank you for joining!
2 days to START!
Start date June 20th
This is how it will work…every night (UK time) I will be sending you an activity for the next day.
This should take 5 minutes of your day.
I recommend you be STRICT with those five minutes. Put a timer if it helps.
These activities are aimed to help you develop your creative side.
At the end of the challenge I will ask you to fill out a short survey so I can use it for my research and you can share if taking part impacted your life in any way. [0:32 am, 19/06/2023] Carolina: Tomorrow is the day! 1 day to Start!
Some tips:
Every night (my night), I will send you a 5 minute task for you to do. Choose a time of day to do your Creative task. On your way to work, on your morning run, with your coffee. Use a timer. Reflect on the task. Where you comfortable doing it? Was it hard, was it easy?
Extra Points: If you choose to share your insights each day with me you will be automatically entered into a lottery for a 25 Euro Amazon gift card. If at least 30 people finish the 21 days and share their insights with me daily I will donate 250 Euros to https://www.chamos.org.uk charity.
Thoughts, reflections, questions, photos can be sent to Carolina: unpackyoucreativity@gmail.com
I will also post the daily challenge in IG @unpack_your_creativity
One Before Start:
Tomorrow is the day! 1 day to Start!
Some tips:
Every night (my night), I will send you a 5 minute task for you to do.
Choose a time of day to do your Creative task. On your way to work, on your morning run, with your coffee.
Use a timer.
Reflect on the task. Where you comfortable doing it? Was it hard, was it easy?
Extra Points: If you choose to share your insights each day with me you will be automatically entered into a lottery for a 25 Euro Amazon gift card. If at least 30 people finish the 21 days and share their insights with me daily I will donate 250 Euros to https://www.chamos.org.uk charity.
Thoughts, reflections, questions, photos can be sent to Carolina: unpackyoucreativity@gmail.com
I will also post the daily challenge in IG @unpack_your_creativity
Ted Talk by Ken Robinson “Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenged the way we educate our children, championing a radical rethink of how our school systems cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence.” (Robinson, 2006)
Robinson, S. K. (2006, June 27). Do schools kill creativity? Www.ted.com. https://www.ted.com/talks/sir_ken_robinson_do_schools_kill_creativity/c
We need to recover our imagination. Creativity is thought of as an artistic trait only available to some when in fact it is available for all. We just need to regain it. My role will be as a moderator/ connector / collaborator for a research project on redefining creativity to adults, seeing its benefits and more importantly being able to teach how to use that muscle once again. This will be done by methods of improv, art and play.
WHAT? We need to recover our imagination. Creativity is thought of as an artistic trait only available to some when in fact it is available for all. We just need to regain it.
How can we tackle the decline of creativity from childhood to adulthood?
What is creativity? Creativity is defined as the tendency to generate or recognice ideas, alternatives, or possibilities that may be useful in solving problems, communicating with others, and entertaining ourselves and others. (California State University, Northridge, 2019)
WHY this topic? Creativity declines after childhood, as Linda Phillips (Art teacher for 27 + years) told me in an interview: “When they’re three and four a line can represent a subway station with you know thousands of people standing on the platform. They’re so conceptual about that age and then as they get older they become more aware of their environment, they’re much more self-critical.” Karen Maeyens, (Design director of Educational Experience at the Hesperides University) states her biggest struggle is the level of creativity in the teachers. When asked, she said: “What I would find most valuable is a method where I can push teachers to work the creativity muscle.” She also stated: “We need to give them tools to awaken their creativity, people are scared to make mistakes, scared that they are being judged therefore do not take creative risks.”
Creativity has been linked to wellbeing. “Studies have found a bidirectional relationship between creativity and well-being. On the one hand, well-being was found to promote creativity [1,2,3,4], on the other hand, creativity is conducive to well-being [5,6,7]. Nevertheless, the latter has received relatively little attention.” (Tan et al., 2021)
In 1968, George Land tested the creativity of 1,600 children aged 3-5 using a NASA-designed assessment. He re-tested the same group at ages 10 and 15, yielding remarkable results. Same test was given to 280,000 adults and the result was 2%.
“What we have concluded,” wrote Land, “is that non- creative behavior is learned”
HOW Picasso said: “Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist once he grows up”.
My role will be as a moderator/ connector / collaborator for the start of a research project on redefining creativity to adults, seeing its benefits and more importantly being able to teach how to use that muscle once again.
STAKEHOLDERS Everyone has access to creativity, and it’s unfair to believe that only certain individuals possess that “talent.” Creativity exists within all of us; it’s just a matter of nurturing and developing it. Initially, my focus will be on adults who consider themselves “non-creative.” However, my long-term goal is to expand these activities and support to individuals at all levels. I envision providing access to public libraries, senior citizens’ homes, public and private schools, refugee centers, and more. Access to creativity should be available to everyone.
Some of the experts I have Spoken to so far are: – Karen Maeyens, Design Director of Educational Experience at Universidad de Hesperides – Linda Phillips, Art teacher for 27+ years – April Stout, Director of Teaching and learning at American School of Madrid – Isabel Navarro – Director of CREATE Foundation. An NGO that looks to help nurture a society whose citizens are capable of creating projects and innovating without fear of failing.
I have interviews set up with:
Eva Herber, – Psychology, Psychotherapist and coach. Specialized in positive psychology. Writer of Renew your strengths.
Luis Rodriguez, Marketing Consultant and Professor at IE University. Currently developing an education app targeted to Career Pivoteers.
Kindergarteners. Primary school children, middle school children and teenagers.
I have chosen three methodologies for my interventions. I have decided that at least two elements of each of these need to be included in my interventions.
Play. “Play is essential to develop social skills and adult problem-solving skills” (Brown and Vaughan, 2009).
Improvisation. “Improvising invites us to lighten up and look around. It offers alternatives to the controlling way many of us try to lead our lives. It requires that we say yes and be helpful rather than argumentative: it offers us a chance to do things differently.” (Patricia Ryan Madson, 2005).
Arts. “Arts and creativity cultivates well-being and helps young learners create connections between subjects.” (Richardson, 2020)
Based on evidence we need to focus on being Consistent, finding the time to do it and creating a habit. Richard Reynolds mentioned the challenge of making workshop attendees develop a habit out of the content. Karen Maeyens struggles with getting teachers to apply workshop tools in their classes. April Stout provides support to teachers in implementing creativity techniques. Some teachers enjoyed the workshops but lacked time or compensation to incorporate new methodologies. Developing creativity requires consistent practice, similar to going to the gym. A habit needs to be formed.
INTERVENTIONS
I have developed one main intervention based on learnings from my first intervention, interviews and book research.
INTERVENTION 1 (MAY 4)
Creativity Continuity Workshops. Objective: Test if one hour of improv and artistic games caused an effect on students. Changed their moods, helped them resolve a challenge they had.
Goal establish: TRUST, CONNECTION, LOOK AT THINGS FROM A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE.
Results: participants seemed happier and more resolutive, see survey results in link.
CORE INTERVENTION
21 day Creativity Challenge. Objective: Trust, habit, reflection. Activity: Send simple daily improv and play task Audience: 20-60 year olds volunteers. (defined as “non-creative’) Measurement: Survey and daily reflections. When: June15.
My potential Hurdles: – Stakeholders could lose interest- same as getting in shape. – Creativity is often associated with art so people that consider themselves non-artistic might not see the value.
WHAT IF I Succeed.
If I succeed I believe we will have people that are:
Happier
confident
assertive
Risk Takers
productive.
I see this work as a catalyst for the change, by combining methodologies that could work better together.
Reference list
American Montessori Society. (2013). History of Montessori Education. Amshq.org; American Montessori Society. https://amshq.org/About-Montessori/History-of-Montessori
Aulive. (2019). Free online creativity test – TestMyCreativity. Testmycreativity.com. http://www.testmycreativity.com/
Big Wind Blows Game – Group games, team games, ice breakers. (n.d.). Https://Www.group-Games.com. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.group-games.com/ice-breakers/big-wind-blows-game.html
Borchardt, S. (2014, June 6). Unlearning to Learn – year end LILA summit 2014. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/97547671
California State University, Northridge. (2019). What is creativity? Csun.edu. http://www.csun.edu/~vcpsy00h/creativity/define.htm
Cremer, D. D., Bianzino, N. M., & Falk, B. (2023, April 13). How Generative AI Could Disrupt Creative Work. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2023/04/how-generative-ai-could-disrupt-creative-work?tpcc=orgsocial_edit&utm_campaign=hbr&utm_medium=social&utm_source=instagram
Cunff, A.-L. L. (2019a, July 24). The science of curiosity: why we keep asking “why.” Ness Labs. https://nesslabs.com/science-of-curiosity
Cunff, A.-L. L. (2019b, October 16). Combinational creativity: the myth of originality. Ness Labs. https://nesslabs.com/combinational-creativity
Design Thinking for Libraries. (n.d.). Design Thinking for Libraries. Retrieved May 7, 2023, from http://designthinkingforlibraries.com
Flinders, S. (2022, January 20). Mental health. The Nuffield Trust. https://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/news-item/mental-health-indicator-update
Gouinlock, J. S. (2019). John Dewey | American philosopher and educator. In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Dewey
Hopkins, R. (2018, September 21). Kyung Hee Kim on “The Creativity Crisis”. Rob Hopkins. https://www.robhopkins.net/2018/09/20/kyung-hee-kim-on-the-creativity-crisis/
Ivcevic Pringle Ph.D., Z. (2020, June 9). Creativity Can Be Taught. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/creativity-the-art-and-science/202006/creativity-can-be-taught
Jennifer Aaker. (n.d.). Stanford Graduate School of Business. Retrieved May 7, 2023, from https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/faculty/jennifer-aaker
Kelley, T., & Kelley, D. (2015). Creative Confidence: Unleashing the creative potential within us all. W. Collins.
Kerr, B. (2023, April 19). Creativity – Research on the creative process. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/creativity/Research-on-the-creative-process
Leis, R. (n.d.). Without Popular Education There Will Be no True Society. TEXT. Retrieved April 25, 2023, from https://www.dvv-international.de/en/adult-education-and-development/editions/aed-762011/popular-education-and-reflect/without-popular-education-there-will-be-no-true-society
Naomi Bagdonas. (n.d.). Stanford Graduate School of Business. Retrieved May 7, 2023, from https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/faculty/naomi-joanne-bagdonas
Notes, P. (2023). Paulo Freire’s Philosophy of Education: Key Concepts. Www.youtube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tODuEY2Kfs4
Paulo Freire’s Philosophy of Education: Key Concepts – PHILO-notes. (2023, March 23). https://philonotes.com/2023/03/paulo-freires-philosophy-of-education-key-concepts
pmdtemp. (2015, September 1). Flex Your Creativity Muscle – PMD Group. PMD Group – Credit Union Marketing and Advertising. https://www.pmdgrp.com/flex-your-creativity-muscle/
PNTV: Constructive Living by David K. Reynolds (#68). (n.d.). Www.youtube.com. Retrieved May 7, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDbLXlVmS4I
PZ’s Thinking Routines Toolbox | Project Zero. (n.d.). Pz.harvard.edu. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://pz.harvard.edu/thinking-routines#ExploringArtImagesandObjects
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